Translation

The change in the polypeptide chain of amino acids in the series of nucleotides in m-RNA is called translation.

This process occurs on the surface of the ribosome in the cell membrane. Ribosomes connect to the 5 'end of m-RNA and the coding of the m-RNA gets translated by having 3' speed towards the tip.

The amino acids form the peptide bond. The rate of peptide bonding increases in the presence of the catalyst.

Ribosome is a cell's factory, which is composed of structural RNA and about 80 different proteins.

Ribosomes are two sub-units in inactive condition: - (i) A large sub unit and (ii) is composed of a small sub unit.

Amino acids are active in the presence of synthetic enzyme. Activated amino acid is triggered by t-RNA and it is joined to 3 '.

Launch of Polypeptide Series: -

This action takes place in the following steps -

(i) m-RNA joins the small subunit of ribosomes and the process of migration of m-RNA begins.

(ii) There are two sites in the large subunit. From which amino acids come in close proximity to each other, causing polypeptide bonds.

(iii) Creation of ribosomes peptide bonding works as a catalyst in the ribozyme.

(iv) The m-RNA transfer unit is the sequence of RNA on its edges, on which initial codice AUG and terminator (stop) code UAA, UAG and UGA are found, which encode the polypeptide chain.

(v) There are some additional sequences in m-RNA that are not transferred, they are called untranslated regions;

(vi) Both the UTR are located on the 5 'edge (before the initial code) and 3' on the edge (after the closing code).

(vii) Ribosomes are bonded with m-RNA early codon (AUG) for initialization, which is initially identified by the t-RNA.

Lengthening of polypeptide chain: - Ribosome protein synthesis proliferation phase increases. In this stage, amino acids connect to the t-RNA and form a complex structure that further adds to the t-RNA replication with the supplemental alkaline pair and joins the m-RNA codon. Ribosomes move from codon to codon with m-RNA i.e. the ribosomes move towards the m-RNA. After the addition of an amino acid, transfer of the polypeptide chain, which is directed by DNA and represented by m-RNA.

Closing of the polypeptide chain: -

Each end of the m-RNA is the special codon that determines the end of the polypeptide chain. When the equation coding comes, the protein synthesis stops and the polypeptide chain is released.

After the release of the polypeptide chain, the first amino acid methionine group is isolated by the formylization enzyme. Some amino acids are isolated from the N and C end of the chain. Finally, the polypeptide chain remains lonely, which turns out to be a protein of secondary, tertiary and chestnut shape.