BOTANY
Scheme :
Theory Duration Max. Min. Pass
Marks Marks
Paper - I Ecology and Phytogeography 3 hrs. 50
Paper - II Plant Physiology and 3 hrs. 50
Biochemistry 54
Paper-Ill Molecular Biology and 3 hrs. 50
Biotechnology
Practicals : Based on Paper I,II and III 5 hrs. 75 27
(One day)
PAPER 1 – ECOLOGY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY
Unit-I
Plant Ecology: Definition, scope, branches, Ecological factor affecting the vegetation. Ecosystem: Structure, its biotic and abiotic components, food chain and food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles.
Unit-II
Productivity: Primary and secondary productivity, their measurements in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Plant succession: causes. Process,types: Hydrosere, Xerosere (Lithosere and Psammosere).
Community: Structure and development.
Unit-III
Pollution of air, water, their causes, consequences and control. Resources:Renewable and non-renewable, management problem of depletion of natural vegetation; endangered plants. Red data book. National parks and sanctuaries.
Unit-IV
Plant adaptations: Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and Halophytes (morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations). An idea of desert climate and comman vegetation of Rajasthan desert.
Unit-V
Biodiversity with reference to Rajasthan : Phytogeography Introduction,continuous and discontinuous distribution, Phytogeography of India,Vegentational regions of India,. Plant indicators.
PAPER II- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Osmosis, plasmolysis, deplasmolysis. Absorption of water. Ascent of sap. Concept of water potential. Mechanism and factors affecting transpiration. Role of macro and micro elements.
Unit-II
Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophylls, caratenoids and phycobilins)- structure and function. Light reactions mechanism of carbon fixation in C3 and C4 plants. Brief description of C.A.M. plants.Photo-respiration, compensation point. Factors affecting phosynthesis.
Unit-Ill
Respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation, factors affecting respiration. Fats: synthesis and degradation.
Unit-IV
Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and abscissic acid, their discovery, structure, physiological effects and applications. Seed dormancy, senescence, photoperiodism and vernalization.
Unit-V
Enzmes General Characteristics, classification, mode of action, inhibitors. Principles and use of following instruments, techniques: pH measurement,centrifugation, colorimetry, chromatography (PC, TLC).
PAPER III - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit-I
Gene concept from Mendel to molecular level, Genetic code, DNA types: DNA replication and transcription in prokaryotic system. Nif gene and nitrogen fixation.
Unit-II
Plasmids, kinds and their uses as vectors, principle of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology and their general application in prokaryotes. Tools of genetic engineering (PCR, gene sequencing , restriction
enzymes, genomic library).
Unit-III
Interaction and expression of trans genes, Bt-toxin, Methods of gene transfer in higher plants, vector mediated gene transfer. Brief account of vectorless gene transfer (Particle gun, liposomes, chemical methods).
Unit-IV
History and scope of plant tissue culture. Basic techniques and tools of plant tissue culture. Brief amount of protoplast culture and fusion. Plant tissue culture in agriculture and forestry. Micropropagation and somatic
embryogenesis.
Unit-V
Plant tissue culture in industry, secondary plant products: defination types and uses of alkaloids, factors affecting production of secondary products in cultures grown in bioreactors (fermentors).
PRACTICALS
PAPER I: ECOLOGY AND PHYTOOEOORAPHY
1. Find out the density, frequency & abundance of herbaceous species
by quardrat method.
Minimum size of quardrat. 1x1 mt.
2. To find out the minimum size of the quardrat.
3. Plant adaptive modifications. Specimens/slides.
Opuntia, Euphorbia, Capparis, Leptadenia, Hydrilla, Eichhornia and Typha.
4. Soil analysis: Field tests.
a. Soil texture b. Soil moisture c. Soil pH
5. Water analysis
a. Hardness of water b. Water temperature
c. Carbonate, bicarbonate & chloride tests.
6 Ecological instruments and their working.
a. Maximum and minimum thermometer b. Oven.
PAPER II: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Demonstration of following colloidal systems.
Suspension, Emulsoid, Brownian movement.
2. To observe streaming movement of protoplasm (Hydriila).
3. Demonstration of phenomenon of plasmalysis using Rhoeo discolor leaves.
4. Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by potato osmoscope.
5. Demonstration of unequal transpiration in dorsiventrat leaf using cobalt chloride paper.
6. Effect of various wavelengths of light on the process of phosynthesis.
7. Demonstration that light, CO2 and chlorophyll are necessary for photosythesis.
8. To demonstrate evolution of oxygen in photosynthesis.
9. Determine the value of respiratory quotient (RQ) of different respiratory substrates by Ganong's respiroscope.
10. Demonstration of respiratory enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, dehydrogenase) in plant tissue samples.
11. Introduction and demonstration of the following instruments/ techniques-pH meter, centrifuge, calorimeter, paper chromatrography.
12. Phytochemical tests of the following: glucose, starch, proteins, fats,tannins, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins.
PAPER IIl: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Principle and application of the following- Laminar air flow/sterile bench, autoclave, ultrafilteration.
2. Preparation of culture media for microbial growth (Nutrient agar and P.O.A) and solutions of nutrient and growth regulators.
3. Demonstration of inoculation technique, aspetic transfer of explant and microbial transfer techniques.
4. Demonstration of resistance sensitivity using antibiotic discs.
5. Germination of pollen of Catharanthus roseus in 10% sucrose solution.
Marking Scheme
Time: 5 Hrs. M M. 75 StudentReg Ex non coll.
1.Phsiology experiment 10 10
2.Ecological exercise -Morphology & anatomy 8 10
3. SoiI/Water field tests 5 07
4.Experiments in tissue culture 8 08
5. Phytochemical tests (two) 8 09
6. Spots (six). Two from each paper 18 18
7. Viva-voce 10 13
8 Records 8 -
Total 75 75
No comments:
Post a Comment