ZOOLOGY
Scheme :
Three papers Min. Pass Marks: 54 Max Marks: 150
Paper I 3 Hours Duration 50 Marks
Paper II 3 Hours Duration 50 Marks
Paper III 3 Hours Duration 50 Marks
Practical: 5 Hrs. duration, Min Pass Marks: 27, Max Marks: 75
PAPER I: MAMMALIAN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
AND BEHAVIOUR
NOTE: NOTE: The paper is divided into five independent units. Two questions will be set from each unit. The candidates are required to answer one question from each unit. Each question will comprise of a, b, c, d and e parts of 1,1,2,2 and 4 marks respectively.
UNIT-I
Types of endocrine glands and their disorders: Pituitary, Pineal, Adrenal, Thyroid, Islets of langerhans, Chemical nature of hormone, Hormone action (including role of cyclic AMP in Hormone action). Preliminary idea of neuro-secretion; hypothalamic control of pituitary functions. Endocrine glands in insects. Neurotransmitters.
UNIT-II
Endocrine glands: Ovary and Placenta, ovarian cycles and their neuroendocrine control. Endocrinology of ovulation, implantation, parturition and lactation. MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) and related social
issues.
UNIT-III
Endocrine gland: Testis, testicular cycle and its hormonal control; Hormonal control of reproduction in mammals and insects. Reproductive disorders; birth control devices. Pheromones and their role in reproduction and behaviour.
UNIT-IV
Introduction and history of ethology, methods of studying behaviour, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurochemical, focal and scan sampling technique. Human brain and behaviour. Biological clock/circadian
rhythms. Social behaviour and social organization of Black buck and rhesus monkey. Social communication among animals, acoustic, tactile, olfactory and language of bees.
UNIT-V
Migration of fishes, pheromones and hormones and their role in behaviour, Fixed action pattern, sign stimulus, innate releasing mechanism, action specific energy, motivation, imprinting and learning, orientation, taxes and kinesis. Neurotoxins and behaviour. Cryopreservation.
PAPER-II: GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
NOTE: The paper is divided into five independent units. Two questions will be set from each unit. The candidates are required to answer one question from each unit.
UNIT-I
Mendelian Genetics: Mendel's laws of inheritance. Monohybrid and dihybrid cross dominance, incomplete dominance. Current status of Mendelism. Gene interactions, supplementary, complimentary, Epistasis and
inhibitory, Polymorphic genes.
UNIT-II
Multiple allele-ABO, Rh and MN blood groups and their inheritance, Sex chromosomal mechanisms: XX-XY, XO-XY, and ZW mechanisms, sex linked inheritance (X-linked and Y linked). Colour blindness, Haemophilia,
UNIT-III
Genetic variation: variation in chromosome number (Euploidy and Aneuploidy).Types of chromosomal mutations, molecular basis of gene mutation, mutagens, crossing over and linkage. Genetic disorders in Human beings (Down's, Turner's, Klinefelter's and Edward Syndromes).
UNIT-IV
Molecular genetics: Nucleic acids, structure, function and types of DNA, Structure, function and types of RNA, genetic code, Transcription. Protein synthesis, gene structure (Recon, Muton, Cistron) and regulation of gene (Lac operon: inducible and repressible system). Bacterial genetic transformation, transduction and conjugation. Lytic and lysogeny cycle. Elementary idea about Eugenics. Elementary idea about genetic engineering, gene cloning and recombinant DNA technology (vectors for gene transfers, plasmids and phages). Restriction enzymes.
UNIT-V
Introduction, historical perspective, animal cell hybridoma, major areas and future prospects of biotechnology. Medicines and Biotechnology,
Microbes in medicine. Vaccine, Environmental biotechnology: Use of microorganisms in metal and petroleum recovery, processing of industrial waste. Surfactants and oil pollutants. Food and drink biotechnology,
ferment food, dairy products, food preservation, alcoholic beverages; Vinegar.
PAPER-III: ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS
NOTE: The paper is divided into five independent units. Two questions will be set from each unit. The candidates are required to answer one question from each unit.
UNIT-I
Introduction to ecology, definition, history, subdivisions and scope of ecology. Environmental factors-Physical factors-Soil, water, air, temperature. Biotic factors-interspecific and intraspecific relations, neutralism,mutualism, commensalisms, antibiosis, parasitism, predation, competition. Concept of limiting factors, Leibig's law of minimum, Shelfords law of tolerance, combined concept of limiting factors.
UNIT-II
Concept of niches. Population and community ecology. Measurement of population density. Factors affecting population growth, growth curves, dispersal, migration. Characteristics of community. Concept of ecosystem.
Trophic levels- food chain and food web. Ecological pyramid. Energy flow in an ecosystem, biogeochemical cycles Co2, N2, O2S and P. Prospects and strategies of sustainable environment.
UNIT-III
Aquatic ecology-Physicochemical nature of fresh water habitat, lentic habitat(Lake and ponds), lotic(stream and river). Freshwater fauna and their adaptations. Characteristics of marine habitat, zonation of marine environment, marine water fauna and their adaptations, deep sea fauna and their adaptations, estuarine habitat-their fauna and adaptations.
UNIT-IV
Terrestrial and applied ecology- Characteristics of terrestrial habitat, forest ecosystem(forest types), desert ecosystem- characteristics of desert environment, desert fauna and their adaptations with special reference to
Rajasthan. Pollution types of pollution(water, air, and ground, thermal, noise, industrial and chemical). Radiation, nuclear fallout and biological effects of radiation. Green house effects. fossil fuels, coal and petroleum, nuclear fuels, management of environment.
UNIT-V
Introduction and understanding of concepts of descriptive and inferential statistics, frequency distribution, graphical presentation, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, standard error of mean. Productivity distribution, correlation and regression. Test of significance, Chi square and t-test.Biostatistical analysis of gene distribution in population.
PRACTICALS
I. Analysis of environment:
1. Soil pH
2. Water analysis-pH, Alkalinity, Acidity, Dissolved Oxygen and CO2
3. Salinity (Chloride)
4. Qualitative estimation of zooplanktons in a given sample of water
II-Ethology
1. Visit to zoo- Identification and general information about Zoo animals.
General information about local amphibian fauna(Frog, toads), reptiles(Snakes and lizards), bird fauna(crow, kite, house sparrow, parrot, pigeon, peacock, vultures) and mammalian fauna(Kangaroo, Echidina, Hedgehog, Indian Mongoose, camel, mice, rabbit). Behavioural study of social organization of Black buck, Rhesus monkey and Honey bee.
Note- Student must produce a project report based on animal pollution,
ethology, field trip, local habitat, wild life sanctuary, national parks
2. Antennal grooming in cockroach / wing cleaning in Musca domestica
3. Study of phototactic response of Tribolium / Housefly. Response of Paramecium to touch, chemicals and light. Study of local habitat, collection and examination of microscopic fauna (Pond and terrestrial ecosystem)
III. Biostatistics
1. Construction of frequency tables, Histogram, polygons, pie charts.
2. Exercise on Mean, Median and Mode.
3. Tests of significance: t-test and Chi square test
IV. Endocrinology
1. Demonstration of major endocrine glands using Mice/Rat/Models/ Charts/ Computers
2. Histological slides of major endocrine glands including gonads of mammalian and sub mammalian groups. T.S. endocrine glands.
V. Genetics
Drosophilla life cycle and idea about its culture. Identification of wild and mutant ( yellow and ebony body ), Vestigial wings, white eye, vestigial and ebony mutants, prepared slides of Drosophila, Sex comb and Salivary gland chromosomes, Barr bodies of Human chromosomes. Identification of blood groups (ABO and Rh factor). Simple problems based on Monohybrid/ Dihybrid cross, use of colour beads for exercises in genetics, Genetic exercises based on Widow's peak, rolling of tongue,ear lobes, hypertrichosis, finger locking.
VI. Mounting / Permanent Preparation
Drosophila : Wild muntan, white and red eyed, male/female,
Zooplankrons : Daphnia, Cyelops, Cypris.
VII. Spots
Preserved animals: Amphibia, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals (Of Wild Life Importance), prepared slides, any apparatus used in ecology, physiology, endocrinology, ethology, genetics, biotechnology may be put up.
(Note-Use of animals for dissection is subject to the condition that
these are not banned under the wildlife Protection Act and UGC guidelines).
Distribution of Marks Exercise
Regular Student Ex-Student
1. Exercise based on Ecology 08 10
2. Exercise based on genetics 06 08
3. Biostatistics 06 08
4. Exercise based on Ethology 06 08
5. Permanent preparation 05 08
6. Exercise based on endocrine
glands 06 08
7. Project report 05 -
8. Spots (05) 15 15
9. Record 08 -
10. Viva 10 10
Total 75 75
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