ZOOLOGY
Scheme
Three Papers Min. Pass Marks : 54 Max. Marks : 150
Paper I 3 Hours Duration 50 Marks
Paper II 3 Hours Duration 50 Marks
Paper III 3 Hours Duration 50 Marks
Practical : 6 Hrs. Duration, Min. Pass Marks : 27, Max. Marks : 75
PAPER-I TAXONOMY, DIVERSITY AND
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOWER NONCHORDATA
(FROM PROTOZOA TO NEMATODA)
NOTE: The paper is divided into five independent units. Two questions will be set from each unit. The candidates are required to answer one question from each unit. Each question will comprise of a, b, c, d and e
parts of 1,1,2,2 and 4 marks respectively.
UNIT-I
General principles of classification, concept of five kingdom scheme, basis of classification of lower Non-chordata: Symmetry, coelome, segmentation, embryogeny.
General characters and classification of Protozoa; Porifera; Coelenterata; Platyhelminthes and Nematoda upto classes with examples emphasizing their diversity and economic importance.
UNIT-II
Protozoa: habit, habitat, Structure, function and life history of Euglena and Paramecium.
Parasitic protozoans of man with reference to diagnostic characters, mode of infection, pathogenicity and control of Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Entamoeba and Trichomonas.
UNIT-III
Porifera: Habit, habitat, structure and function and life history of Sycon. Types of canal system.
Coelenterata: Habit, habitat, structure, function and life history of Aurelia. Polymorphism in Coelenterata. A brief account of coral and coral reefs.
UNIT-IV
Platyhelminthes: Habit, habitat, structure, function, life history, pathogenicity and parasitic adaptations of Fasciola and Taenia.
UNIT-V
Parasitic nematodes of man with reference to diagnostic characters, mode of infection, pathogenicity and control of Dracunculus, Ancyclostoma, Enterobius, Wuchereria.
Habit, habitat, structure and function of plant nematode (Heterodera)
PAPER-II
TAXONOMY, DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONAL
ANATOMY OF HIGHER NON-CHORDATA (FROM
ANNELIDA TO ECHINODERMATA)
NOTE: The paper is divided into five independent units. Two questions will be set from each unit. The candidates are required to answer one question from each unit. Each question will comprise of a, b, c, d and e
parts of 1,1,2,2 and 4 marks respectively.
UNIT-I
Annelida: General characters and classification upto orders. Hirudinaria- Habit, habitat, structure, function External features, digestive, circulatory, excretory, reproductive systems, development and life history. Parasitic
adaptations of Leech.
UNIT-II
Arthropoda : General characters and classification upto orders.
Palaemon- Habit, habitat, external features, appendages, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive, nervous systems and sense organs. Larval forms of crustacean. Drosophila- Structure and life
history.
UNIT-III
Mollusca: General characters and classification upto orders :
Lamellidens- Habit, habitat, external features, anatomy digestive, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, nervous systems and sense organs.
UNIT-IV
Pila- Habit, habitat, external features, anatomy digestive, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, nervous systems and sense organs.Torsion in Gastropoda.
Echinodermata- General characters and classification of Echinodermata upto orders. External features and water vascular system of Asterias.
UNIT-V
Economic Zoology- Apiculture, Sericulture, Social life of termites. Sex determination in termites, Harmful insects (Major insect pests): Rhizopertha, Sitophilus, White grub and locust.
PAPER-III -
CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND
MICROBIOLOGY
NOTE: The paper is divided into five independent units. Two questions will be set from each unit. The candidates are required to answer one question from each unit. Each question will comprise of a, b, c, d and e
parts of 1,1,2,2 and 4 marks respectively.
UNIT-I
Cell theory: Introduction to cell, morphology, size, shape, concept of Prokaryote and eukaryote with suitable examples. Ultrastructure of Virus, bacteria and typical animal cell, Cell cycle.
UNIT-II
Architecture of cell organelles- Chemical composition and functions of plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, centrosome, mitochondria, cilia, flagella, microtubules, lysosomes and nucleus. Active
and passive transport.
UNIT-III
Biochemical make up of protoplasm including functions: Inorganic and organic constituents-water, electrolytes, minerals, various forms of carbohydrates, proteins, lipid and their conjugates, nucleic acids, hormones, vitamins and enzymes.
UNIT-IV
Metabolic mechanisms (Catabolism)-Q\Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation of fatty acids, transamination, deamination and decarboxylation. Metabolic mechanisms (Anabolism)-DNA duplication, genetic code, transcription of RNA, translation, lipid synthesis and glycogenesis.
UNIT-V
Bacteria and viruses of medical importance (elementary knowledge)
Gram positive: Cocci- Staphylococci, Streptococci, Bacilli- Diptheria,Tetanus.
Gram Negative: Cocci- Gonorrhoea, Meningitis; Bacilli- Pneumonia, Diarrhoea; Mycobacteria-Tuberculosis, leprosy, Actinomycetes. Obligate intracellular agents, AIDS (Causative agents, HIV-I, HIV-II,
Transmission, pathogenicty).
Secondary disease, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
SARS-causes, pathogenicity and prevention. Elementary idea of Cancer.
PRACTICAL
I- General survey of Invertebrates(Museum specimens and slides):-
1. PROTOZOA- Entamoeba, Polystomella, Monocystis, Euglena, Noctiluca, Leishmania, Nyctotherus, Paramecium, Vorticella.
2. PORIFERA- Sycon, Hyalonema, Euplectella, Spongilla, Euspongia.
3. COELENTERATA- Obelia colony, Physalia, Porpita, Aurelia, Rhizostoma, Alcyonium, Corallium,Gorgonia, Pennatula, Madrepora, Metridium
4. PLATYHELMINTHES-Dugesia , Fasciola,Taenia, Schistosoma
5. NEMATODA- Filaria, Dracunculus, Ancyclostoma,Wuchereria, Enterobius
6. ANNELIDA- Neries, Aphrodite, Arenicola, Pontobdella, Hirudinaria, Peripatus
7. ARTHROPODA- Limulus, Spider, Palaemaneus, Lepas, Balanus, Sacculina, Palaemon, Eupagurus, Crab, Lepisma, Lobster, Odontotermes, Pediculus, Schistocerca, Papilio, Bombyx, Xenopsylla, Rice weevil, Millipede, Scolopendra, Ticks and mites.
8. MOLLUSCA-Chiton, Dentallium, Patella, Pila, Turbinella, Aplysia, Slug, Snail, Mytillus, Ostrea, Pinctada, Lamelidens, Teredo, Sepia, Octopus, Nautillus.
9. ECHINODERMATA-Asterias, Ophiothrix, Echinus, Pentaceros, Antedon.
II-Study of the section of organs and developmental stages
1. PORIFERA- Sections of Scypha
2. COLENTERATA- Planula, Scyphistoma, Ephyra larva of Jelly fish.
3. PLATYHELMINTHES-T.S. of Taenia and Fasciola, Scolex of Taenia, mature and gravid proglotid of Taenia, Hexacanth, Bladderworm and cysticercus stages of Taenia, Miracidium, Sporocyst, Redia and Cercaria, Larva of Fasciola.
4. ANNELIDA- T.S. of Leech and Neries through different regions, Parapodia of Neries and Heteroneries phase, Trochophore larva
5. ARTHOPODA- Nauplius, Zoea, Megalopa, and Mysis larvae, Cyclops.
6. MOLLUSCA- T.S. of gill of Lamellidens, Glochidium larva.
7. ECHINODERMATA- Pedicellareae
III-Dissections/ demonstrations ( Models, Charts, Computer simulation):
1. Earthworm - External features, General anatomy, Digestive, Nervous, Excretory, and reproductive systems.
2. Prawn: External features, appendages, General anatomy, Digestive and nervous system.
3. Grasshopper/Locust/Cockroach: External features, general anatomy, alimentary canal, nervous system.
4. Pila: External features, General anatomy, Digestive and nervous system.
5. Unio: External features, General anatomy, nervous systems.
IV-Mounting permanent preparations of the following:
PROTOZOA-Euglena,Paramecium,Polystomella,or any other foraminifera.
PORIFERA - Spicules, spongin fibres, gemmule.
COLENTERATA - Obelia medusa,
PLATYHELMINTHES -Taenia proglotid
ANNELIDA - Neries ( parapodia )
ARHTOPODA - Statocyst, Hastate plate, of Prawn, Cyclops, Daphnia.
MOLLUSCA - Pila- Gill lamella, Osphradium, Redulla,
Unio- Gill lamella
V.Cell biology
(a) Study of living cell by vital stainng.
(b) Temporary acetocarmine staining of squashed testis of grasshopper and study of chromosome during meiosis; mitosis in onion root tip.
(c) Any slide of important bacteria. Photograph of animal tissues and TMV virus .Electron micrograph of cell and cell organelles.
(d) Cell membrane permeability (Crenation, and Haemolysis in mammalian RBC)
VI- Exercise in Biochemistry
(a) Protein- Biuret test
(b) Lipid- Sudan IV test
(c) Carbohydrate- Benedict test
(d) Catalase enzyme in animal tissue
(e) Janus green- Vital test for mitochondria in buccal smears, Cauda epididymis sperm.
(Note-Use of animals for dissection is subject to the condition that these are not banned under the wildlife Protection Act and UGC guidelines).
Distribution of Marks
Permanent Exercisies Regular Ex-Student
1. Dissection/demonstration(s) 10 12
2. Preparation 07 09
3. Cell Biology 08 10
4. Exercise in Biochemistry 08 10
5. Spots (12) 24 24
6. Record 10 -
7. Viva Voce 08 10
Total 75 75
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